Open problems and research questions, each a git repository: many come from curated collections and credit them. Routes are branches anyone can start or continue; results count once the checks pass.
Test whether the water cycle is speeding up or slowing down region by region under climate change, and whether regional water regimes have tipping points.
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Find which fertiliser and soil management strategies cut nitrous oxide and other nitrogen emissions from farm soils most, without losing yield.
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Measure how long tough plant polymers such as root suberin and pollen sporopollenin persist in farm soils, and whether they could store carbon.
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Explain why some species track a warming climate quickly while others lag or move the wrong way, using traits, landscapes and interactions.
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Work out which weather, snowpack and soil conditions turn rain on snow into an exceptional flood, and how warming shifts the risk.
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Determine whether warming is pulling interacting species out of step in their seasonal timing, and whether the mismatch harms populations.
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Assess whether pairing higher farm yields with lower food consumption in developed and emerging nations is the best route to sustainable food systems.
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Find out why floods and droughts cluster into rich decades, whether these periods are changing, and what drives them.
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Determine whether cell-cultured meat can cut the climate impact of meat, and which energy and growth-medium choices decide the outcome.
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Learn how plants respond when heat, drought, salinity, pollutants and pathogens strike together, and breed crops that tolerate the combinations.
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Predict how glacier loss and permafrost thaw will change the amount and timing of runoff and groundwater in cold regions.
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